The Magyar or Hungarian tribes (/ˈmæɡjɑːr/ MAG-yar, Hungarian: magyar törzsek) or Hungarian clans were the fundamental political units within whose framework the Hungarians (Magyars) lived, before the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and the subsequent establishment of the Principality of Hungary.
Tribes
Hungarian chroniclers of the 13th century spoke of Magna Hungaria (modern Bashkortostan) and reported that speakers of Hungarian were located there. It is theorized that the Magyars and Bashkirs had close contact before the former’s migration west, as there are many parallels between old Hungarian and Bashkir tribal names. Further, most of these names do not have such similarities with Central or Inner Asian languages, implying they may be a unique product of a local Bashkir-Magyar symbiosis. Turkologists Gyula Neméth and Peter B. Golden have compared the following names to this end:
Social organization
The Hungarian social structure was of Turkic origin.
Genetics
Magyars comprised seven clans, and later three more clans made of Kabar people. Recent genetic research has shown that the first-generation Magyar core gene pool originated in Central Asia/South Siberia and, as Magyars migrated westward, admixed with various European peoples and peoples of the Caucasus. Burial samples of the Karos-Eperjesszög Magyars place them genetically closest to Turkic peoples, modern south Caucasian peoples, and modern Western Europeans to a limited degree, while no specific Finno-Ugric markers were found. However, a 2008 study done on 10th-century Magyar skeletons did find a few Uralic samples.
See also
Álmos
Grand Prince of the Hungarians
Hungarians
Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin
Ügyek
Zoltán of Hungary
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